Why is mitosis and meiosis important

In metaphase individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator. During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. During anaphase I the sister chromatids move together to the same pole. During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. Similarities Mitosis Diploid parent cell Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase In metaphase individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator.

Ends with cytokinesis. Meiosis Diploid parent cell Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase but twice! In metaphase II individual chromosomes pairs of chromatids line up along the equator. Instead mainly organisms would remain on a one-cell level as the cells are unable to reproduce themselves. Student: Bridget Ryan, n Navigation Home Conclusion: Which one is more important?

The importance of both Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis and Meiosis are both important processes within the body and as they are the main processes for the make up of cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction. Meiosis is the production of four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell.

In meiosis II, these chromosomes are further separated into sister chromatids. Meiosis I includes crossing over or recombination of genetic material between chromosome pairs, while meiosis II does not.

Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. Comparison of the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two diploid 2n somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid n gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent germ cell.

Mitosis produces two cells from one parent using one division event. But meiosis produces four new child cells with two divisions, each of which has half the genetic material of its parent. Mitosis takes place all over the body, while meiosis only takes place in the sex organs and produces sex cells. There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis. First, meiosis involves not one, but two cell divisions.

Second, meiosis leads to the production of germ cells, which are cells that give rise to gametes. Germ cells are different from somatic cells in a critical way.

Remember, these "parent" cells already have half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell thanks to meiosis I. This page appears in the following eBook. Aa Aa Aa. What happens during meiosis I?

Prophase I. Figure 1: Recombination is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. At the end of prophase I, the nuclear membrane finally begins to break down. Outside the nucleus, the spindle grows out from centrosomes on each side of the cell. As in mitosis, the microtubules of the spindle are responsible for moving and arranging the chromosomes during division.

Metaphase I. Figure 2: Near the end of metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. Each chromosome looks like an elongated X-shaped structure. In the pair of chromosomes at top, the chromosome at left is mostly green, but the lower region of the right chromatid is orange. The chromosome at right is mostly orange, but the lower region of the left chromatid is green. A second pair of chromosomes exhibiting the same pattern of coloration on their arms is shown below the topmost pair.

Mitotic spindles are located at each side of the cell. Each spindle apparatus is composed of several white lines, representing fibers, emanating from two oval-shaped structures, representing centrosomes. The fibers attach the centrosomes to the centromeres of each chromosome. Shorter fibers also emanate from the mitotic spindle but are not attached to chromosomes.

At the start of metaphase I , microtubules emerge from the spindle and attach to the kinetochore near the centromere of each chromosome. In particular, microtubules from one side of the spindle attach to one of the chromosomes in each homologous pair, while microtubules from the other side of the spindle attach to the other member of each pair.

With the aid of these microtubules, the chromosome pairs then line up along the equator of the cell, termed the metaphase plate Figure 2. Anaphase I. Figure 3: During anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. The chromosome at right is moving toward the right-hand mitotic spindle. The chromosome is mostly orange, but the lower region of the left chromatid is green. A second pair of chromosomes exhibiting the same pattern of coloration on their arms is shown below the topmost pair, mirroring the movements of the chromosomes above.

During anaphase I, the microtubules disassemble and contract; this, in turn, separates the homologous chromosomes such that the two chromosomes in each pair are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell Figure 3. This separation means that each of the daughter cells that results from meiosis I will have half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell after interphase. Also, the sister chromatids in each chromosome still remain connected.

As a result, each chromosome maintains its X-shaped structure.