Can you cite a person

To cite a published interview, adhere to the format for that particular reference type i. For more information on citing sources where an interview might appear, visit the Articles in Periodicals page or the Electronic Sources page.

A personal interview is considered personal communication and does not require a formal citation in your reference list. See below for more information. A research participant interview is an interview conducted as part of your research project. If the presentation is published, follow the guidelines for citation as laid out in the Other Print Sources page.

Be sure to include a URL if the publication is available online. Contributor, A. Year, Month Day. Title of contribution [Description of contribution]. Matson, E. These types of communication are not recoverable data and therefore should not be included on the Reference page.

Cite personal communications in text only. If the Personal Communication has been archived, i. Last name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Date of Interview. Although you'll often be using books, journal articles and online documents as resources, you may use in-person or email interviews as well. According to the APA, these sources should be cited within your work, but should not appear in the reference list since they are considered unrecoverable sources.

Create an in-text citation by positioning a set of parenthesis at the end of the sentence that references the interview or email communication. Insert the name of the person, the words "personal communication" and the full date of the interview or email -- in that order -- within the parenthesis.

The person's name should include the first name initial followed by the last name. If your research methodology involved conducting formal interviews with participants, transcripts of these interviews are typically included in an appendix. Similar advice applies to surveys. Personal interviews are those you conducted informally to obtain additional information to support your arguments.

They are typically not included in an appendix. As these are not published anywhere, they should be cited as personal communications in the text and omitted from the reference list. The author is usually the interviewer. The name of the person interviewed is not included in the citation or in the reference list. In the following example, the citation incorrectly implies that the quote is from Davenport:.

To make it clear that these are the words of the interviewee, not the interviewer, name the speaker directly in the sentence:. To cite an interview published in a newspaper, follow the standard newspaper format, listing the interviewer in the author position.

To cite an interview from a podcast , follow the format for citing a podcast episode, listing the host in the author position. To cite an interview you viewed on YouTube , follow the standard format for citing a YouTube video. Note that the person or organization that uploaded the video, rather than the person conducting the interview, appears in the author position. Scribbr Plagiarism Checker. Interviews you conducted yourself are not included in your reference list , but instead cited in the text as personal communications.

Published or recorded interviews are included in the reference list. Cite them in the usual format of the source type for example, a newspaper article , website or YouTube video. In APA Style , all sources that are not retrievable for the reader are cited as personal communications.

Common examples include conversations, emails, messages, letters, and unrecorded interviews or performances. Thanks for reading! Hope you found this article helpful. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations!